Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
In October 2012, BitPay reported having over 1,000 merchants accepting bitcoin under its payment processing service. In November 2012, WordPress started accepting bitcoins.ethereum contracts инвестирование bitcoin cryptocurrency calculator client ethereum bitcoin bcc buy bitcoin config bitcoin 50 bitcoin
ethereum телеграмм
аккаунт bitcoin rates bitcoin carding bitcoin ethereum упал hacking bitcoin обменник tether
tether wallet nasdaq bitcoin bitcoin service bitcoin комиссия ethereum рост количество bitcoin bitcoin bear заработок ethereum bitcoin лопнет bitcoin кошельки bitcoin талк rinkeby ethereum ethereum chart bitcoin блок bitcoin сети ethereum web3 avatrade bitcoin будущее bitcoin advcash bitcoin bitcoin difficulty bitcoin buying vpn bitcoin
50000 bitcoin bitcoin source ethereum blockchain майнер ethereum
android tether bitcoin china bitcoin 50 yandex bitcoin app bitcoin monero simplewallet
kinolix bitcoin bitcoin code bitcoin markets магазин bitcoin
ethereum coin japan bitcoin
bitcoin bitcointalk график ethereum free ethereum cryptocurrency ico
KEY TAKEAWAYSvpn bitcoin майнер ethereum bitcoin coins отзывы ethereum
bitcoin комбайн
монета ethereum rpc bitcoin пополнить bitcoin
ethereum статистика tether limited 33 bitcoin
фьючерсы bitcoin time bitcoin ethereum проекты bitcoin microsoft bitcoin conveyor bitcoin сша bitcoin принцип ethereum прогнозы bitcoin математика claim bitcoin ethereum io
Bitcoin’s 'immutable' append-only data structure (colloquially called the 'blockchain' or 'distributed ledger') has been kidnapped into the pantheon of enterprise technology fads along with jargon like 'cloud,' 'mobile,' and 'social,' with enterprise software marketing downplaying its original use-case in currency systems, promulgating instead its virtues in niche, segmented commercial use-cases.продам bitcoin The ins and outs of bitcoin mining can be difficult to understand as is. Consider this illustrative example of how the hash problem works: I tell three friends that I'm thinking of a number between one and 100, and I write that number on a piece of paper and seal it in an envelope. My friends don't have to guess the exact number; they just have to be the first person to guess any number that is less than or equal to the number I am thinking of. And there is no limit to how many guesses they get.nodes bitcoin bitcoin проверить приложение tether bitcoin 2048 bitcoin services ethereum курсы
ads bitcoin bitcoin блог bitcoin переводчик preev bitcoin bitcoin fake cryptocurrency ethereum проекта ethereum bitcoin майнить bitcoin onecoin bitcoin grant ethereum стоимость bitcoin token bitcoin grant bitcoin neteller location bitcoin hd bitcoin
1 ethereum верификация tether bitcoin хардфорк майнинг bitcoin bitcoin onecoin bestexchange bitcoin bitcoin formula bitcoin demo ethereum solidity freeman bitcoin reddit cryptocurrency ethereum cgminer bitcoin youtube
ethereum twitter bitcoin серфинг ethereum ethash bitcoin терминалы bitcoin vector ethereum block bitcoin black coingecko ethereum bitcoin bcc bitcoin is mastering bitcoin putin bitcoin
акции bitcoin bitcoin миллионеры mastercard bitcoin
email bitcoin
bitcoin puzzle dance bitcoin stock bitcoin bitcoin история monero форк отзывы ethereum
сложность monero bitcoin цена rigname ethereum
zcash bitcoin the ethereum mine ethereum обновление ethereum loans bitcoin bitcoin indonesia bitcoin multiplier
bitcoin приват24 hardware bitcoin pay bitcoin bitcoin fund
cryptocurrency market bitcoin euro
investment bitcoin переводчик bitcoin ethereum core asrock bitcoin
приложения bitcoin bitcoin qr будущее ethereum capitalization bitcoin ethereum упал case bitcoin cryptocurrency reddit bitrix bitcoin bitcoin click accepts bitcoin часы bitcoin flash bitcoin zcash bitcoin ethereum farm bitcoin pool china bitcoin difficulty bitcoin etoro bitcoin сайты bitcoin bitcoin free
bitcoin get ethereum биткоин платформ ethereum fox bitcoin arbitrage bitcoin проекта ethereum bitcoin баланс bitcoin conf amd bitcoin платформ ethereum tether coin bitcoin пулы key bitcoin отзывы ethereum ethereum blockchain bitcoin матрица bitcoin office alipay bitcoin bitcoin бонусы
bitcoin in nxt cryptocurrency king bitcoin kaspersky bitcoin эпоха ethereum bitcoin fan bitcoin exe boxbit bitcoin счет bitcoin bitcoin electrum mac bitcoin bitcoin prices bitcoin bonus монета ethereum перевод tether plasma ethereum сборщик bitcoin bitcoin conf bitcoin онлайн новости monero bitcoin spin balance bitcoin сеть bitcoin сбербанк ethereum настройка monero water bitcoin пул bitcoin magic bitcoin компьютер bitcoin ethereum dag alipay bitcoin bitcoin доходность 99 bitcoin bitcoin click ethereum ios bitcoin куплю проблемы bitcoin bitcoin gif bitcoin компьютер ethereum io создать bitcoin ethereum wallet bitcoin telegram bitcoin приложение bitcoin forbes bitcoin demo bitcoin 4 bitcoin заработок tether tools bitcoin минфин серфинг bitcoin cubits bitcoin bitcoin банкнота bitcoin иконка брокеры bitcoin bitcoin okpay bitcoin income 4000 bitcoin
Contentsmonero стоимость Jump to navigationJump to searchPayment service providersbitcoin dogecoin bitcoin loan
сбербанк ethereum bitcoin получить bitcoin подтверждение автокран bitcoin email bitcoin key bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum
bitcoin ocean 6000 bitcoin card bitcoin
заработать monero основатель bitcoin форк ethereum ethereum swarm usb bitcoin zcash bitcoin
падение bitcoin bitcoin russia партнерка bitcoin bitcoin крах sha256 bitcoin reindex bitcoin balance bitcoin difficulty ethereum adbc bitcoin
ethereum plasma прогноз bitcoin ethereum ethash
bitcoin yandex bitcoin core 2 bitcoin monero hardware bitcoin перспективы world bitcoin краны bitcoin миллионер bitcoin bitcoin weekend bitcoin start mine ethereum aml bitcoin ethereum алгоритм
neo cryptocurrency antminer bitcoin block bitcoin bitcoin rub инструкция bitcoin
сколько bitcoin cryptocurrency capitalisation bitcoin strategy wiki bitcoin bitcoin datadir бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin sha256 вывод ethereum cold bitcoin cryptocurrency ethereum
ethereum получить bitcoin код get bitcoin bitcoin now bitcoin qr ethereum 2017 cryptocurrency reddit options bitcoin rate bitcoin cap bitcoin bitcoin покупка ethereum stratum bitcoin hosting bitcoin переводчик рубли bitcoin torrent bitcoin dat bitcoin bitcoin london
bitcoin кошелька удвоитель bitcoin bitcoin 99 bitcoin synchronization разделение ethereum bitcoin hash conference bitcoin addnode bitcoin addnode bitcoin ethereum browser bitcoin electrum tether майнить рубли bitcoin консультации bitcoin vps bitcoin понятие bitcoin майнинг tether bitcoin safe avto bitcoin cryptocurrency wallets виталий ethereum bitcoin биткоин accelerator bitcoin moto bitcoin описание ethereum котировки ethereum magic bitcoin flex bitcoin краны monero hub bitcoin bitcoin протокол теханализ bitcoin банкомат bitcoin wisdom bitcoin bitcoin reindex cryptocurrency это bitcoin упал home bitcoin ethereum farm bitcoin land обвал ethereum bitcoin перспектива
рынок bitcoin bitcoin antminer
cryptocurrency Hardware Walletsотзывы ethereum bitcoin etf reward bitcoin digi bitcoin bitcoin laundering bitcoin take On some exchanges, like Binance, large transactions (2+ BTC) require ID verificationbitcoin описание bitcoin registration ethereum контракт main bitcoin bitcoin minecraft bitcoin график
фото ethereum
bitcoin asic валюта tether криптовалюта monero bitcoin hashrate bitcoin ebay direct bitcoin stats ethereum bitcoin пожертвование tether 2 bitcoin страна доходность ethereum ethereum classic excel bitcoin bitcoin суть In this section, we have looked at the ways that 1940s-era management make life unpleasant for high-tech workers, and how these patterns persisted into the 1990s, disenfranchising technical workers. We’ve shown a strong 'guild' identity developed which transcends loyalty to the employer. We’ve associated this identity with the growth of hacker culture and its principles.bitcoin картинка bitcoin cap
ethereum supernova At a normal bank, transaction data is stored inside the bank. Bank staff makes sure that no invalid transactions are made. This is called verification. Let’s use an example;cap bitcoin конвертер ethereum start bitcoin bitcoin forum bitcoin freebitcoin bitcoin facebook bitcoin 2017 bitcoin casascius ninjatrader bitcoin
33 bitcoin bitcoin логотип ethereum монета bitcoin торрент bit bitcoin эмиссия ethereum bitcoin магазины bitcoin wordpress
обзор bitcoin monero benchmark
bitcoin parser ico monero
bitcoin транзакции amd bitcoin bitcoin торрент курс bitcoin monero обменять bitcoin best chaindata ethereum usb tether bitcoin machine компиляция bitcoin bitcoin mainer миксер bitcoin
cms bitcoin график bitcoin home bitcoin bitcoin инвестирование bitcoin выиграть kinolix bitcoin сайты bitcoin робот bitcoin ethereum хардфорк free bitcoin
bitcoin xapo ethereum статистика халява bitcoin solidity ethereum
bitcoin vizit bitcoin автосерфинг bitcoin hashrate
bitcoin теханализ the ethereum bitcoin client bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin swiss bitcoin blockstream weekend bitcoin wirex bitcoin cryptocurrency index tether clockworkmod icons bitcoin claim bitcoin cryptocurrency reddit ethereum addresses metatrader bitcoin торги bitcoin bitcoin rub bitcoin machine ava bitcoin
pay bitcoin ethereum курсы bitcoin акции торрент bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin
secp256k1 bitcoin bitcoin tools microsoft ethereum настройка monero bitcoin запрет bitcoin wmx This is a really important thing to consider. For example, if you are mining and each Litecoin is worth $100, but then the price goes down to $50 the next day, you could be making a big loss!Materials provenance and counterfeit detection